XML and ebXML Essay Example

XML and ebXML Essay ebXML is an acronym which stands for â€Å"Electronic Business Extensible Markup Language†. From ebXML.org website, the description says that it is a modular suite of specification that enables global electronic market by allowing enterprises around the world to conduct business over the internet. It can be likened to the English language, although different people from different nationalities speak of different language, English is there to facilitate communication and that is why it is considered as the international language. In the same way, ebXML is the language or a tool which businesses can use to have better communication with each other. However, we are not referring to simple communications here, as we are referring to those complicated processes that are taking place in the context of the electronic business. The complexities of different forms of technology utilized by different enterprises have reduced the compatibility of data shared between enterprises electronically. High rate of incompatibility can be blamed from the fact that enterprises do not have one man who does the preparation of the information to be shared, but instead they rely most of the preparation to their own experts. Information systems used by different enterprises in most cases do not produce outputs of common format, and that’s another issue of incompatibility. There came a time when XML was introduced to the market, and it was widely accepted and utilized in information sharing. However, the absence of one man to do the preparation is still a problem. XML based information shared by businesses where having different specifications, structures, and definition. Still businesses were not able to resolve the situation. This problem has long been recognized as a barrier to the success of enabling a global electr onic market. It has long been realized that the only solution is to develop a common or standard rules, tools, or guidelines of formatting information. It is also widely accepted that XML is effective and the problem with incompatibility between XML based information can be solved by creating an open technical framework containing to enable uniform and consistent use of XML. We will write a custom essay sample on XML and ebXML specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on XML and ebXML specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on XML and ebXML specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ebXML helps reduce the cost of information sharing among enterprises. Many enterprises have long been sharing information through the use of Electronic Data Interface and this method is expensive. ebXML on the other hand is an economy-of-scale and implementation is easier because it can be implemented through the internet and other available networks. Enterprises no longer worry of the high cost of paying for hand carry, mail service, or make subsequent faxes, making phone calls to send information to other enterprises. It facilitates market expansion by locating potential businesses to partner with from different locations around the world. There’s no need to worry of incompatibility or misunderstanding. ebXML offers a single framework of exchanging XML based information which enterprises having access to the system can use. ebXML is secured. All information registered and shared in an ebXML system is authenticated and regulated by security policy set by the ebXML supporters. Its specifications are supported and continually updated by OASIS , UN/CEFACT, and many other organizations aiming for achieving international standardizations of business operation. ebXML achieved compatibility by providing enterprises with standardized message structures, standardized business process sequence, clear business semantics, and standardized business trading agreements. This makes business to business transactions processing quicker and efficient regardless of geographical locations as long as they are having access to the network running an ebXML compliant system. Sample ebXML implementations is the Dealersphere, a web-service based integration implemented for the auto industry. Car dealers who registered with dealership was connected to each other by the dealersphere engine plugged into dealer’s LAN. Other implementation was conducted supported by CECID and Hongkong government was deployed in eInvoicing System for Metro Operator (MTRC), eProcurement system for HMV Hongkong and Sony Hongkong, and the Dangerous Goods Manifests Submission System, and many others. Other CECID contribution to ebXML implementation is the Hermes (ebMS), and ebMail for freebXML,org website. Other implementations are the ebXML Messaging Services Interoperability and Conformance Validation Test conducted by eBusinessReady, Electronic hiring of temporary staff by European openExchange. Implementation of ebXML The prefix â€Å"eb† may have made the term â€Å"ebXML† as different from XML. Implementing ebXML compliant document structures can be done manually or automatically. No need to worry about purchasing new machines, it is designed to be independent. It can run on machines which support standard internet transfer protocol and XML. Existing computer systems supports the two basic requirements. Doing it manually requires not only knowledge in XML, but also of the internationally agreed standards of how XML should be used. Details of how ebXML is to be implemented are found on ebXML specifications. OASIS and UN/CEFACT accepts membership for those who want to participate in ebXML world. By joining to these sites, you can work with international experts who are collaborating efforts for the development of ebXML, and promoting it to the global electronic market. On the other hand, doing it automatically means using application software which generates ebXML compliant documents. Using ebXML compliant software is quicker because it provides something similar to the click and drag environment. There are downloadable ebXML editor from freebxml.org. Enterprises can create their own network of ebXML users. However, there is one most important requirement for an ebXML enabled interaction between enterprises, and that is the registry. The registry is a central repository of all the business processes, business profiles, process specifications, and data interchange classifications. In short, a repository or registry stores all relevant information. The registry mush have a graphical user interface where users can query, update stored information, insert new information, etc. Free ebXML registry can be found on the internet. There are also existing ebXML registry which are already implemented in various places around the world.   One must only need to search for these registries, inquire, and then register. Once the registration is complete, a registered enterprise can start registering his business processes specification, business profile, and other information pertaining to its business. All information registered on the ebXML registry are made available to all visitors querying on th e registry, which made it easier to find potential business partners. Once business partners agreed to work together, they will sign a Collaborative Protocol Agreement. Once the agreement is finished, the participating parties can start working with one another. Conclusion ebXML is a very effective tool for engaging in a global electronic market. It is less expensive, easier to implement, and supported by international standards. Many enterprises will soon implement ebXML which will enable them to meet on the internet regardless of geographical location.

Latin Verbs and Infinitive Endings

Latin Verbs and Infinitive Endings An infinitive is a basic form of  a verb that in English often is preceded by to and that serves as a noun or a modifier.  In Latin, infinitives are rarely used to indicate purpose, but rather are most often used to express indirect speech (oratorio obliqua). Latin Infinitive Basics When you look up a Latin verb in a Latin-English dictionary, you will see four entries (principal parts) for most verbs. The second entry- usually abbreviated -are, -ere, or -ire- is the infinitive. More specifically, its the present active infinitive, which is translated into English as to plus whatever the verb means. The vowel (a, e, or i) of the infinitive indicates which conjugation it belongs to. Example of a dictionary entry for a verb in Latin:Laudo, -are, -avi, -atus. Praise The first entry in the dictionary entry is the present, active, singular, first-person form of the verb. Note the -o ending. Laudo  I praise is a first conjugation verb and, therefore, has an infinitive ending in -are. The entire present active infinitive of laudo is laudare, which translates into English as to praise.  Laudari is the present passive infinitive of laudo and means to be praised. Most verbs have six infinitives, which have tense and voice, including: Present active (to praise)Present passive (to have been praised)Perfect active (to have praised)Perfect passive (to have been praised)Future active (to be about to praise)Future passive (to be about to be praised) Perfect Infinitives of Latin Verbs The perfect active infinitive is formed from the perfect stem. In the  example of a first conjugation verb, laudo, the perfect stem is found on the third principal part, laudavi, which is listed in the dictionary simply as -avi. Remove the personal ending (i) and add isse- laudavisse- to make the perfect active infinitive. The perfect passive infinitive is formed from the fourth principal part- in the example, laudatus, plus esse. The perfect passive infinitive is laudatus esse. Future Infinitives of Latin Verbs The fourth principal part also informs future infinitives. The future active infinitive is laudaturus esse and future passive infinitive is laudatum iri. Infinitives of Conjugated Latin Verbs In Latin, verbs are conjugated to indicate voice, person, number, mood, time, and tense. There are four conjugations, or verb inflection groups.  Ã‚   Infinitives of a first conjugation Latin verb include: Present active- amare (love)Present passive- amariPerfect active- amavissePerfect passive- amatus esseFuture active- amaturus esseFuture passive- amatum iri Infinitives of a second conjugation Latin verb include:   Present active- monere (warn)Present passive- moneriPerfect active- monuissePerfect passive- monitus esseFuture active- moniturus esseFuture passive- monitum iri Infinitives of a third conjugation Latin verb include: Present active- regere (rule)Present passive- regiPerfect active- rexissePerfect passive- rectus esseFuture active- recturus esseFuture passive- rectum iri Infinitives of a fourth conjugation Latin verb include: Present active- audire (hear)Present passive- audiriPerfect active- audivissePerfect passive- auditus esseFuture active- auditurus esseFuture passive- auditum iri Interpreting the Infinitive It may be easy to translate the infinitive as to plus whatever the verb is (plus whatever person and tense markers may be required), but explaining the infinitive isnt as easy. It acts as a verbal noun; therefore, it is sometimes taught alongside the gerund. Latin Compositions Bernard M. Allen says that just under half of the time that an infinitive is used in Latin, it is in an indirect statement. An example of an indirect statement is: She says that she is tall. In Latin, the that wouldnt be there. Instead, the construction would involve a regular statement- she says (dicit), followed by the indirect part, with the subject she in the accusative case followed by the present infinitive (esse): Dicit eam esse altam.She says (that) she [acc.] is [infinitive] tall [acc.]. Allen says that Charles E. Bennetts New Latin  Grammar provides a rule for the tense of the infinitive that is only applicable to the present infinitive in an indirect statement. According to Bennetts rule: The Present Infinitive represents an act as contemporaneous with that of the verb on which it depends. Allen prefers the following: In Indirect Statements the present infinitive represents an act as contemporaneous with the time of verb on which it depends. In other substantive uses it is merely a verbal noun, without any tense force. Tense in Latin Complementary Infinitives As an example of why tense is a difficult concept with present infinitives, Allen says that in Cicero and Caesar, a third of their present infinitives follow the verb possum  to be able. If you are able to do something, that ability precedes the time of the statement. Other Uses of the Infinitive An infinitive can also be used as the subject of a sentence. The subjective infinitive is found after impersonal expressions like necesse est,  it is necessary. Necesse est dormire.it is necessary to sleep. Sources Allen, Bernard Melzer. Latin Composition (Classic Reprint). Forgotten Books, 2019Bennett, Charles. New Latin Grammar. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 1918.

Economic Geography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic Geography - Essay Example vious recessions in 1990-1991 and 2001, the 2007 economic recession has run deep into the economy becoming the longest financial crisis since the great depression in the 1930s (Kaiser 3). Many states reacted by formulating large stimulus mechanisms in an effort to stabilize the economy. Other mechanisms were bailout of leading financial institutions, which included loans, guarantees and equity. The National Bureau of Economic Research and economists have indicated that the financial recession was triggered in the year 2006 by the broad economic malaise. The sharp deterioration in house prices reduced purchases of homes subsequently damaging the real estate market. Price deterioration extended to increased mortgage closure that subsequently led to massive losses in billions of dollars by leading banks in the country. The ultimate condition was tightening credit by financial institutions. The Federal Reserve Bank began to cut the discount rate and funds rate to no avail. Major Banks such as Lehman Brothers started filing for bankruptcy. Other banks opted to undertake mergers and acquisition. JPM Chase acquired Bear Stearns as a strategy to survive in the crippling economy. As indicated by Cadieux & Conklin (9), the Federal Reserve cut the two rates below 2% by the fall of October 2008. In the same line central banks of leading world economies like China, Canada and United Kingdom as well as the ECB slashed their rates to rescue the global economy. These efforts had little impact as liquidity problem that proved to have spread widely and damaged operation and of financial institutions. The rate of unemployment increased by 1.2% while an increasing number of distributions of jobless claims in the industry proved the economy was under recession (Cadieux & Conklin 12). The manufacturing and construction industries experienced large labor losses that significantly shattered business cycle. Although the level of unemployment declined as time moved to the end of

Obesity in Kuwait Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obesity in Kuwait - Research Paper Example According to a study conducted by Zaghloul et al. energy intake among Kuwaitis is extremely more than what is actually required for a person. It was higher than the estimated energy requirements for almost half of Kuwaiti children and one-third of adults. The Estimated Average Requirement was exceeded by 78–100 % of the recommendation for protein and carbohydrates. It should be noted that majority of the energy drinks and foods contain excessive sugar and fat contents. Sugar and fat are responsible for causing obesity. These food and drink items are extremely expensive compared to normal food and drink items. Only high income people will be able to spend money for these items. In other words, high income is causing obesity among Kuwaitis. Another reason for obesity among Kuwaitis is the globalization. It should be noted that globalization has brought many life style changes in this world. Because of globalization, it is easy for fast food chains to establish food outlets anywhere in the world. Foreign direct investments are welcomed in almost all the countries because of globalization. As a result of that, global fast food companies such as KFC, McDonalds and Burger King are able to establish food outlets in any country at present. The case of Kuwait is not an exception. Because of globalization, a variety of fast food companies have already established restaurants in Kuwait. According to the arguments in the article â€Å"Is  Globalization  Making Us Fat† Social globalization, have a significant impact on obesity. A social mismatch is there among the people because of globalization. This mismatch results in differences in the energy consumption levels of the people. In other words, physical and cultural e nvironments are key elements behind obesity (Is  Globalization  Making Us Fat?). According to Kumiya et al.,(p.1027) in highland areas worldwide, socioeconomic  globalization  is progressing urbanization. This

Should the Government Intervene in the labour market Essay

Should the Government Intervene in the labour market - Essay Example Various critics argue that the government involvement in the labor markets is significant since it promotes free and fair employment while other argue the exact opposite, citing that in hinders the willing employer, willing employee relationships, owing to the various policies implemented (Tisdell and Hartley, 2008 p.269). Government involvement in the labor market is critical since it acts in response to various challenges that emerge in employment. For instance, employers may opt to hire employees at extremely reduced rates, owing to their intended purpose of maximizing their profits. At such instances, some employees may be willing to work with such wages, owing to the unemployment rates resulting from economic recession globally while other suitable employees may be unwilling to work under such rates. This creates a challenge since the unemployed individuals may act in their fight for increased pay, which may lead to property and life destruction, and this call for government involvement, in a bid to provide a solution to such a predicament through the introduction of the minimum wage policies. In other instances, some unscrupulous employers may overwork their employees without increasing their minimum salaries, and even subject them to working under harsh and dangerous conditions without the implementation of the necessary safety measure policies, in their bid to reduce costs(Neugart, 2002, p.69). This places the employees’ welfare at risk, and cases of employee opposition have been rampant across the globe. As such, government intervention is critical in such institutions since the government is tasked with the provision of apt safety policies that safeguard the welfare of such employees. This serves to reduce the employer-employee conflicts hence promoting production and profit maximization of such firms. Additionally, cases of employment of minors are still in practice,

Introduction Applied Performance Practices Business Essay

Introduction Applied Performance Practices Business Essay Financial Rewards is the most fundamental applied performance practice in organizational settings. Pay has multiple meanings, such as symbol of success, reinforcer and motivator, reflection of performance, reduce anxiety and so on. The meaning of money also varied. There are four types of rewards in the workplace: Membership and Seniority Based Rewards -Represent the largest part of most pay checks and fixed wages, seniority increases. Job Status-Based Rewards -Include job evaluation and status perks. Competency-Based Rewards -Pay increases with competencies acquired and demonstrated. Performance-Based Rewards -An overview of some of the most popular individual, team, and organizational performance based rewards. Besides that, company will have their own way to increase the job effectiveness and improving the company performances. Below are the type of way: Job Design- The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs. Job Specialization The result of division of labor in which work is subdivided into separate jobs assigned to different people. Job Rotation- The practice of moving employees from one job to another. Background of the Coca-Cola Company Soft drinks are getting popular nowadays. There are so many soft drinks company around the world. One of the most popular beverage company is Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company, produces a variety of soft drinks and consumer products. Coca-Cola was founded in May 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia, a pharmacist. There was a time when Pemberton actually trying to concoct a headache remedy, but once he mixed his special syrup with carbonated water, a brand new taste drink is created. He let some of his customers tasted the result, and they praised for the awesomeness of the drink. He realized that he has successfully created something new and it is the popular soda fountain beverage. The name of Coca-Cola was coined by his bookkeeper, Frank Robinson. Later on, a businessman, Asa Griggs Candler has purchased it and introduced it as a carbonated soft drink in the market. Then Coca-Cola dominated the market of carbonated soft drinks throughout the 20 century. Coca-Cola has also became one of the global market leaders in the beverage industry. The branch of Coca-Cola has spread all over the world, such as North America, Eurasia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and Pacific. There are approximate more than 500 non-alcoholic beverage brands owned or licensed by the Coca-Cola company, mainly sparkling beverages but also a variety of still beverages, such as waters, enhanced waters, juices and juice drinks, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, and energy and sports drinks. Being the worlds largest beverage distribution system, there are more than 200 consumers enjoy their beverages at a rate of more than 1.8 billion servings a day. Coca-Cola also rank among the worlds top 10 private employees with more than 700,000 system employees. The Company competes with PepsiCo, Inc., Nestle, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Groupe Danone, Kraft Foods Inc. and Unilever. Mission Vision There are many challenges faced by the company. Competitors are making brand new strategies to defeat the company. Therefore, the company need to clear and understand the direction of the business in the market and predict the future. Their vision for next ten years is about to create a long term destination program for their business which will also provide them a Roadmap for winning from their bottling competitors. Mission Our Roadmap starts with our mission, which is enduring. It declares our purpose as a company and serves as the standard against which we weigh our actions and decisions. To refresh the world To inspire moments of optimism and happiness To create value and make a difference. Vision Our vision serves as the framework for our Roadmap and guides every aspect of our business by describing what we need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable,  quality growth. People:  Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. Portfolio:  Bring to the world a portfolio of  quality  beverage  brands  that anticipate and satisfy peoples desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. Planet:  Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Profit:  Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. Productivity:  Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. Content Part Theory and Concept Coca-Cola Company relies on prudent systems, offers employee jobs with high motivation potential, expects staff to manage themselves, and delegates power to branches, resulting in high levels of employee empowerment and performance. The most common elements of reward using by Coca-Cola Company are based on long term incentives reward, annual incentives reward and base salary reward. All the rewards given to the employees based on membership and seniority -based rewards, competency-based rewards and Job status based-rewards. All middle and senior management, excluding our executive team, participate in the CocaCola Hellenic Long- Term Incentive Plan. Starting from the 2011-2013 Long-Term Incentive Plan, they operate under a new format aimed at linking employee performance to short- and long-business priorities and rewarding employees accordingly. Incentive payouts are based on business performance against three-year objectives which are set on an annual basis. Exceptional business performance may result in awards in excess of individual target payouts. The performance of the plan will be measured against selected KPI performance over a three-year period; that KPI s includes volume market share, net sales revenue per unit case and Group ROIC. The target payout for the plan is determined for each individual based on their performance, potential and level of responsibility and the plan payout takes places at the third anniversary of the plan. Coca-Cola Company awards the employees by using performance-based rewards. The employees will receive their reward based on their performance. Besides, Coca-Cola Company also using types of reward like annual incentive reward. The reward will be given to the employees based on the Job-status-based reward. While their goal is long-term sustainable growth, the Compensation Committee chooses annual incentives to pay to reward Named Executive Officers for individual performance and operational results for an operating group and/or overall Company performance on an annual basis. The annual objectives are carefully chosen to ensure integration and alignment with our overall long-term objectives. At the start of the incentive period, Compensation Committee designs the target amount, based on a percentage of base salary. Total benefits package is highly regarded and is designed to meet employees basic and life-changing  benefits  needs. As market dynamics evolve, the Company regularly assesses our benefits programs to ensure employees receive those benefits they value and are provided with diverse options that address the issues of individuals and families and promote healthy lifestyles. As  to fetch information on the part of employees problems, Cola-Cola Company makes  close collaborative  or communication  system  with them to satisfy them all to increases their efficiency and effectiveness. Because need and wants of employees are changing day by day to satisfy meaningful needs and wants are very important in the behalf of organization so as to use best potential of both physical and mental competencies is very important. Thats why defining criteria of rewarding them have a significant importance for the mutual  benefits  of  both  employees  and  organization.  Rewards  have  greater  importance  and effectiveness in Pakistani cultures, because people have more demand of them. What do you think is the most important emerging issue in the design of work? Diversity and limitlessness are the factors that stand out in the case study about the Coca-Cola Company.    With Coca-Cola being a worldwide company that offers such an array of products, they must hire flexible and diverse employees to support the needs of the still-growing company.    The employees reviews reaffirmed that by hiring a diverse group of employees and task them with different challenges in different countries; their choice to staff the company in this way has been successful.    By working with other unique individuals, they are enlightened by new methods of thinking and working.   The work specialization of Coca-Cola Company is high, as each Manager is made responsible for only a particular function, which is his expertise. There is no boredom or monotony as each salesman is meeting the different sort of person and the work is challenging and promotions are based on performance there is no monotony and boredom. Real Life Example The Coca-Cola Company rewards programs are regularly benchmarked against a select peer group of the major competitors and key players in the local market. The rewards management teams are based on the rewards programs that set by the company to give rewards. There are many ways to rewards the employees and one of the rewards ways that the company rewards the employees is based on the performance-based rewards. First the Coca Colas management team prefers grade for defining pay. Before there prepare the performance reward level there will do the research by conducting survey for the top five companies. There will conduct minimum three year rewards ranges of those top five companies and take average of them. Then there will decide their performance rewards system according to their management grades. The each year inflation rate has to be included no matter the employees individual performance increase or not. The Coca Cola human resource management also looking forward to performance ratings has mentioned. It will help the team to define a system in an organization systematic from to remove biases and ambiguity. Besides that the examples of the company use the competency-based rewards. The Coca Cola Company is a beverage industry which is focus more on the product with high quality, sell more and also get more customer satisfaction. So the management team creates more opportunities for the sales people to sell more and get more. By generating high work performance and make more profits, the company are able to utilize full potential of sales people. Because of that rewards system, the sales people have more opportunities to get rewards of both intrinsic and extrinsic ones. The table below is the example of the competency based rewards. Ares under consideration Sales% H.R% Account% Analysis Performance to organization goals 60-70 65-75 50-60 Average Performance of workers A achieve 40-55 50-60 40-50 Unsatisfied Performance of workers B achieve 75-85 60-70 60-70 Good Acceptance Thus, the Coca Cola Company also have use the job status based rewards. There are many country Coca Cola Company is providing such rewards likes Great Britain, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Belgium. Those countrys company are depending on the job and grade the employees could be offered a company car, mobile phone, laptop, private health insurance, financial planning or free internet at home. Besides those countries, Norway and Sweden are offering the company car with free fuel. Furthermore, different job status of employees can choose different type of rewards, perks or benefits. Beside the reward, The Coca Cola Company also has a different way of conducting business than most companies. There has used the job design for the work or job management. There start with looking for secret ingredients that potential employees may have that will help grow the recipe for success for the individual and the company. At the each level and location, The Coca Cola Company will use the best combination of diverse individuals to fill the different positions in a way that benefits the team at the location. The main objective there focus which is on diversity of their employees as well as their products and markets can continues being successful. By using the diversity, it has great success as one of the main criteria for employee searches. Besides that, there also dont limit their employees position in the company in order to allow them to grow within the organization as well as personally, which allows them to take the job as far as they want it to go. The Coca Cola Company also will think about or consider the idea and suggestions from all level, again can using their diversity to improve the company and also the individual. The mutual respect and appreciation within the workplace nurtures the individuals so that there grow within the company and that in turn reduces turnover, boosted employee morale, productivity, teams work and company loyalty. Lastly, because of that, the Coca Cola Company is still growing more every year. Disadvantages of Coca-Cola Company rewards system We all know the concept of nothing is perfect and same goes to Coca-Cola Company. It sounds so sweet on what rewards Coca-Cola Company has given to the employees, but there is a lot of weaknesses hidden and left unseen. First and for most, Coca-Cola Company rewards the employees based on their performance. However, using the performance based reward may only reward those who apparently contributed to company and neglected the others employees that contributed silently. This may pop-up the feeling of jealousy among the employees. The discrimination or dissatisfaction among employees may affects their morale and companys reputation. Besides, performance based reward system may bring out the problem that the employees will have focusing on individual rewards and abandoned the teamwork. Competition can be good but if its too aggressive it can be detrimental. The employees may lose sight of their customers needs and allow service or satisfaction to suffer in lieu of achieving good performance. Unity is strength, there are works that couldnt be done individually. Therefore, performance based reward should paying attention on team reward but not individual reward. Due to the reason of humans judgment might be bias, a system is necessary to evaluate the employees job performance. The KPI is one of the system generally used by the company. However, there are some disadvantages when measure the employees performance based on KPI. KPI couldnt measure long term performance of the employees. As if the appraisal is only measure the recent performance, hence it is not conducted fairly. It may cause animosity in the office. In addition, KPI only focus on the outcome and it lose the creativity from the employees. This may discourage employees from experimenting with innovative solutions that might produce a better result. Moreover, the employees loyalty couldnt be measured. Employees loyalty represented how much can he scarified for the company which is also a main point to lead company to success. Aside from that, the annual or monthly incentives given by the company shouldnt be equal to everyone, because it might demotivated the employees from working hard. They might have a thought that nor matter they did anything right or wrong they will still rewarded the same by the company. Giving different base rewards may motivate the employees from working harder. Coca-Cola Company rewarding their customers based on monthly too. A company giving rewards too often might leads to huge expectation of employees. The employees may expect to receive same value of rewards in future, then any potential motivation of reward will be lost. The gift will act as a regular compensation but not an additional bonus for motivation. When a bigger pay-out doesnt happen, employees can become disgruntled, which can hinder work performance or, in a worst-case scenario, leave the company. Therefore, there must be a good balance of incentives for these admin/support staff or else they will not feel appreciated. Last but not least, Coca-Cola Company should have paying greater reward to those who hardworking and overtime always. Some of the employees are dissatisfied on the pay of overtime since the half hour of working is not counted. It shows that Coca-Cola Company is not treating fair to their employees. While talking about job specialization, one of the key disadvantages of specialization is that jobs often become monotonous. Employees do not like to focus on one specific job because it may increase employees boredom and they will become tedious, empty and unsatisfying. With specialization, people rarely meet the final product and  are merely selling their labor for a price as if it were a commodity. Their job satisfaction decreases and the quality of job performance will fall. At the same time, it may cause unemployment. This happen when there is no similar job offered if you are fired. Also it limit the freedom of the choice of work. Lesser flexibility; in the absence of a worker, it is hard to shift workload to any of the available workers because they do not have variety of skills. Greater chances of workers getting local muscular fatigue because the same muscles are used in doing the task. As job rotation promote employees to perform different task, if they discover it as a weakness, the task would not be performed well as those is specialize is stronger at it. Another disadvantage is that staff could be rotated away from a task that they enjoy, or perform very well to a high standard which could lead to other staff members not performing the same tasks as well. Furthermore, a huge amount of money is needed to train the employees, to make sure the employees able to handle the task given through job rotation strategy. When the employees are moving around into multiple positions, you must invest time and money into training the workers in all those positions. Not only cost, but also the time of the managers  and others who must train the employees in each area. Recommendation For the performance-based reward use by the Coca-Cola company, our team share the same thoughts that performance-based reward does not fully motivate employees to enhance their best performance practices, which doesnt flexible enough to cover all kind of peoples motivation. Peoples have different values, beliefs or motivation. Some doesnt seek for monetary rewards only, but they also looking for higher job satisfaction, the relationship with the people together and participation in value creation. Besides that, different cultures can influence the meaning and value of money. After go through the disadvantages of current reward system, we suggest Coca-Cola to evaluate their own reward system effectiveness rather than giving more reward to ensure performance and rewards can reach the balance level. First of all Coca-Cola company must ensure their rewards given are valued by the employees. Delivered rewards have to drive the specific employee behaviors to achieve business strategies. Every rewards given will be appreciate by employees and push themselves to achieve higher productivity and performance. Make sure the company and staffs alike understand the value of each reward to ensure transparency. Therefore it is better to have combination of reward system to provide the workforce from different races and cultures can gain their values. Secondly, Coca-Cola must ensure rewards are relevant to attract and retain the staff who can contribute well to the company either way in intrinsic rewards or extrinsic rewards. Last but not least, watch out for unintended consequences too. Some employees may take rewards for granted and company have to make confirmation on rewards given must be make good use by them. For multinational company like Coca-Cola, although they had decentralized the management decision making, job analysis and designing follows the same international structure. Although some deviations may be found on some regions, the company adapts a similar job description and analysis structure. Therefore, Coca-Cola should encourage employees to have self-leadership to perform better in every task. It helps to apply self-motivation and self-direction to accomplish task and cope with company business strategies. The elements of self-leadership included with setting personal direction, construct thoughts pattern, design natural rewards, self-monitoring and self-reinforcement. It trains employee to have higher levels of conscientiousness and extroversion, and positive self-evaluation too. In organizational factor, it turns to more job autonomy, employees tend to have participative leadership and able to build measurement-oriented culture. When employees capable of doing their jobs wel l, organization will require less man power and save more cost on human resources. Well-trained employees will be more productive when theyre more directly involved in decision making process, rather than closely supervised by many layers of management. Empowerment also recommended in Coca-Cola. Empowerment is based on the idea that giving employees  skills,  resources,  authority,  opportunity,  motivation, as well  holding  them responsible and  accountable  for outcomes of their  actions that will  contribute  to their  competence  and  satisfaction. When employees believe they have the authority to make decision, it can improve task significance and task identity. They feel that they have more freedom and discretion and their action influence the companys success. They dont have much excuse to escape from their responsibilities. They know more options, limits, or have experience that helps them make good decisions for the company and the customer.  Ã‚  They have been trained.  Ã‚  That same training can easily be delivered to the frontline employees so they can make better decisions, quickly, and accurately. In a nut shell, if Cola-cola wants to be more competitive in the market, they need to keep up with the changes in management. They need to concern about the organization directions and business strategies. Employees run the company and Coca-Cola must know how to reward his employees and restructure their organization structure whenever the time has come.

The invention of the Human Essay -- Shakespeare Literature Papers

The Invention of the Human In his recent book, Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human (1998), Harold Bloom argues that Shakespeare’s characters provide the full measure of his continuing legacy. Shakespeare, Bloom maintains, created self-conscious characters who breathe life. Shakespeare’s characters are so alive, possess such "interiority," that they catch themselves looking at themselves. This quality is the essence of becoming human—to know we know, to be aware we are aware, to sense our own presence on the stage of life. Prior to Shakespeare’s ascendancy on the English stage, Bloom argues, there was no concept of the individual self, just types. These types persist in Shakespeare’s plays as residual stock characters displaying humours, like Malvolio (melancholic) and Hotspur (choleric). In Shakespeare these crude concepts of personality give way to major and minor characters who evolve and grow almost within themselves. They possess a special energy that touches all other characters within the play. But it is Bloom’s provocative remark, "Shakespeare invented us," that stretches us beyond our conditioned response to the plays and invites us to define a new relationship with Shakespeare. Bloom argues that Shakespeare so interpenetrates our consciousness and our cultural existence that we do not know the boundary between him and us. One suspects that we are receptive to Bloom’s idea because of the mysterious ambivalence of Shakespeare himself. Shakespeare’s elusive self, the stuff of Keats’s Negative Capability, may indeed be found in his 100 major characters and hundreds of minor personages dispersed through his histories, comedies, and tragedies. Bloom, however, takes Shakespeare and his characters out of dramatic con... ...al world of Elizabethan England—essential to an understanding of Shakespeare’s history plays can easily be lost if we regard the characters as existing beyond their origins. We cannot neglect the social, intellectual, and historical context in which the histories derive their meaning. Bloom asserts that the plays’ characters transcend their origins and operate in a universe that is still being created. We can appreciate his thesis as it reverberates through our consciousness. Bloom has successfully helped us secure a new relationship with Shakespeare and his dramatic art. At the same time, we must wonder if we can separate Shakespeare—and his characters—from the plays. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. 2nd. ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997. The invention of the Human Essay -- Shakespeare Literature Papers The Invention of the Human In his recent book, Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human (1998), Harold Bloom argues that Shakespeare’s characters provide the full measure of his continuing legacy. Shakespeare, Bloom maintains, created self-conscious characters who breathe life. Shakespeare’s characters are so alive, possess such "interiority," that they catch themselves looking at themselves. This quality is the essence of becoming human—to know we know, to be aware we are aware, to sense our own presence on the stage of life. Prior to Shakespeare’s ascendancy on the English stage, Bloom argues, there was no concept of the individual self, just types. These types persist in Shakespeare’s plays as residual stock characters displaying humours, like Malvolio (melancholic) and Hotspur (choleric). In Shakespeare these crude concepts of personality give way to major and minor characters who evolve and grow almost within themselves. They possess a special energy that touches all other characters within the play. But it is Bloom’s provocative remark, "Shakespeare invented us," that stretches us beyond our conditioned response to the plays and invites us to define a new relationship with Shakespeare. Bloom argues that Shakespeare so interpenetrates our consciousness and our cultural existence that we do not know the boundary between him and us. One suspects that we are receptive to Bloom’s idea because of the mysterious ambivalence of Shakespeare himself. Shakespeare’s elusive self, the stuff of Keats’s Negative Capability, may indeed be found in his 100 major characters and hundreds of minor personages dispersed through his histories, comedies, and tragedies. Bloom, however, takes Shakespeare and his characters out of dramatic con... ...al world of Elizabethan England—essential to an understanding of Shakespeare’s history plays can easily be lost if we regard the characters as existing beyond their origins. We cannot neglect the social, intellectual, and historical context in which the histories derive their meaning. Bloom asserts that the plays’ characters transcend their origins and operate in a universe that is still being created. We can appreciate his thesis as it reverberates through our consciousness. Bloom has successfully helped us secure a new relationship with Shakespeare and his dramatic art. At the same time, we must wonder if we can separate Shakespeare—and his characters—from the plays. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. 2nd. ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1997.

Days of Destruction Days of Revolt Essay

They offer very detailed and disturbing descriptions of life on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, the slums of Camden, New Jersey, and the â€Å"surface mining† zones surrounding Welch, West Virginia, as well as some places in Immokalee, Florida, that are literally like slave camps. One chapter of the book caught my eye, â€Å"Days of Slavery. † It mainly takes place in Immokalee Florida, a center of immigrant agricultural laborers, mostly Latino. The immigrants are housed in terrible conditions, which makes it very hard for them to work. Additionally to the terrible conditions that they are forced to work in, they are also paid unreasonably low wages for the amount of time they are working. Another thing that is affecting the people who work in the factories are serious problems with breathing. They have this problem because of pesticide poisoning and other chemicals that they are being exposed to while working. One chemical that is mentioned is Methyl Bromide. It is also not uncommon for these workers to be held in literal slavery, have their paychecks stolen, and be subjected to physical abuse if they get out of line. The legal system in Florida appears willing to prosecute cases of slavery, but the immigrants are very afraid to come forward for obvious reasons. They are afraid they will be fired and more than likely the cases will not be judged in their favor. This is because these companies are huge, and are able to pay people off to continue making the workers work under unreasonable conditions. O’Neill 2 Hedges interviews activists from the Coalition of Imoakalee Workers, a very strong and militant organization. He describes their struggle to secure a minimum level of decent conditions for the workers. The chapter includes the case of Miguel Flores and Sebastian Gomez, who where sentenced in 1997 to fifteen years in prison on charges of slavery, extortion, and firearm possession. The duo oversaw a modern slavery operation of four hundred men and women who harvested fields in Florida and South Carolina. The book highlights the harsh conditions for the laborers in this operation. The author wrote: The workers, mostly indigenous Mexicans and Guatemalans, were forced to work ten to twelve hours a day, six days a week, for as little as $20 dollars a week, all under the supervision of armed guards. Those who attempted to escape were beaten, pistol-whipped, and at times shot. The crew leaders charged the workers exorbitant prices for food. Female workers, according to one victim, were routinely raped. The coalition workers were told by Flores that if their experiences of working in the factory were talked about, he would cut their tongues out. (Hedges 158) The main questions of the people in the community of Immokalee were probably, â€Å"Who is going to take a stand for us immigrants? Who is going to be our leader that we will follow so we can be treated like normal human-beings? Their questions were not being answered until a man by the name of Lucas Benitez came along. Benitez was thirty-six and had two children . A group was started by Bentiez as well as people who â€Å"found the courage to stand up to abuse, breaking the cycle of fear that keeps the system in place. † Benitez started by becoming an organizer. He and his group would meet at the local Catholic church at night to help those who were being treated unfairly. Things were turning around for the immigrants. They were protesting and trying to do whatever they could to defeat the huge companies who were making them work many hours for such little pay. As they began to protest and strike, the employers gave them what they wanted. The workers of Imoakalee, Florida, got O’Neill 3 a pay raise, and were no longer held in literal slavery. Other then the few changes that were mentioned above, Imoakalee Florida, has not significantly changed since the mid 1950’s. Today, Imoakalee, Florida, is still an area where a majority of America’s crops and produce are grown. Many immigrants still live in Imoakalee, Florida. To this day, unfortunately corruption is still going on in Imoakalee. Huge factories and companies are forcing workers to work very hard, and they are also causing damage to the environment. They are causing damage to the environment because of the smoke stacks that are required by the different factories. (Coalition of Immokalee Workers) O’Neill 4 Works Cited Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW). N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Feb. 2013. . Hedges, Chris, and Joe Sacco. Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt. New York: Nation Books, 2012. Print.

Huckleberry Finn Essays - English-language Films, Huckleberry Finn

Huckleberry Finn Essays - English-language Films, Huckleberry Finn Huckleberry Finn HUCKLEBERRY FINN The novel of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, Huck goes through many adventures On the Mississippi river. He escapes from pap and sails down the Mississippi river where He meets a slave named Jim. Huck promised Jim he is going to keep his secret about men coming to look for him (Jim). They escape by going down the Mississippi river and decide to go down Ohio River. They decide to go north where all the free states are. One day Huck was climbing ashore and sees the Grangerford where they have trouble with the Shepherdson. Huck stays with them until he witnesses the death of many people. Huck feels he shouldnt be helping Jim to freedom and almost turns him in to slave but Huck begins to enjoy having Jims Company, and when Jim is sold by the duke and the king, Huck breaks down and cries while asking the duke where Jim is. Then Huck steals Jim from the Phelps farm. It was discovered that his owner, Miss Watson, already freed Jim just before she died.

An Essay on Belonging essays

An Essay on Belonging essays Belonging is a natural reaction, intrinsic. We search in order to find a community, a group of friends, a country in which we belong. America is a place whereWhen we feel uncomfortable, we say I dont belong here and when you find a situation in which you are happy, you can be yourself, natural and free you feel as if it was created only for you. It can also be the most wonderfully liberating experience when you find yourself in a culture in which you do not belong. In not belonging, you become someone free of restrictions, free of the expectations, free to creatively explore your imagination without the guilt that often latently lies behind the veiled threat of failure and disappointment. In our own cultures, where in a sense, at least culturally, linguistically and historically we do belong, life often becomes a stifling world in which our lives are predestined, packaged products. We are consumers and we are resources to be used and abused in a cycle of production of consumption. America is the ultimate machine, the ultimate company, and the by-product of its hyper capitalist model is the increasingly glaring loss of personal creativity and individualism within its borders. We are expected to increase our spending power as we age, not our understanding of other cultures, not our compassion for each other or for those living on the other side of the economic spectrum. The traveler, if open to the possibility, is in a perfect position to experience this transcendence. The apparent fact of not belonging is open for everyone, but its the course of action taken in light of this cultural segregation which should be the goal of the traveler today. I had, I realized become strangely accustomed to living in Korea, even though a part of me desired to be back on the beach in Thailand. I was an outsider, I obviously did not belong into this society, one which is ...

Socrates theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Socrates theory - Essay Example The next two sections of the line are of the intellectual. The third is lower forms, and the final is higher forms. Plato uses the line to differentiate between what he views as different kinds of objects and ways we can obtain knowledge. Each line gets smaller the higher it goes, and the smaller the line becomes the closer to absolute truth it becomes. To briefly summarize the story of the cave, Plato envisaged people held prisoner within a cave who only saw the shadows of objects carried by a fire. One person briefly escaped from the cave, saw the sun, and returns to tell the other prisoners what was seen. The prisoners respond by threatening the person that briefly escaped if he continued to tell them about the sun. Plato is saying that people are like the prisoners, in that all people see are illusions, shadows of objects passing by a fire. They are seeing the material world, which he believed to be a copy of the higher forms. The person who escaped was able to see the sun, which represented the highest level of truth in this world: "But, whether true or false, my opinion is that in the world of knowledge the idea of good appears last of all, and is seen only with an effort; and, when seen, is also inferred to be the universal author of all things beautiful and right, parent of light and of the lord of light in this visible wor ld, and the immediate source of reason and truth in the intellectual; and that this is the power upon which he who would act rationally, either in public or private life must have his eye fixed" (Plato). The escaped person's eyes took a while to adjust before they were actually able to see the sun; the person was able to see things at night better first, then reflections in water and such, and then finally objects themselves. This was supposed to represent a gradual increase in the realness of the objects until the sun was able to be seen. When the person went back to the cave and told the other prisoners what he saw, they rejected it. This represents how Plato felt that most people are so used to seeing what they see everyday that they can't comprehend the idea that there is something of a higher truth out there. They've never seen it, and if they've never seen it, then it couldn't possibly exist. Plato was alluding to the fact that he thought that it was dangerous for him and othe r philosophers to tell other people of the truth since most people weren't willing to hear anything of the sort. What Plato didn't realize was that he was in an even larger cave himself. He felt that there was absolute truth, and even though people might not be able to reach it, it still existed in the universe in some shape or form. He thought that because there are things called trees, we can only know that that is a tree because on some higher plane of existence there exists the perfect tree, its original and true form, and that is how people are able to recognize that trees when one is viewed. He felt that true knowledge could only be perceived a priori, and that the physical world was merely a reflection of this true world. A deconstructionist way to argue against this kind of thinking be to would say that there is no such thing as absolute truth, that thinking and language can not be separated, because without language, there is no canvas upon which to paint one's words. This viewpoint would claim that language isn't trying to reflect

The Media's influence in politics and its impact on voters Assignment

The Media's influence in politics and its impact on voters - Assignment Example President Barack Obama will be a historical leader in America for having emphasized on the need of social media in his early campaigns. Together with his campaign team, they engaged the social media to market their agenda, while bringing people to share a common platform of driving America ahead while mobilizing citizens into action. The media has acted as a public agent for the people to criticize, correct and influence. However, the same agency can be used to spread propaganda, destroying many existing and emerging politicians’ careers. In 2010, the American midterm campaign was a hot spot to capture the defense of republicans and democrats through the social media. Both the parties used the moment to clean up in a-wait of the 2012 elections. Through the media, the American citizens got to understand the existing scandals in the political domain that led to indifferences and political exchange of words between the two rivals American parties. Rove went public through the med ia to dismiss President Obama claims that Republicans were using money politics all over the country, distorting the senate and white house race (â€Å"The Money & Media Election Complex† 11) . ... Once the message is out clearly in the public domain, the media uses the opportunity to seek opinions from the listeners and viewers. One of the media roles is to enlighten people on the current affairs and matters affecting them. President Obama’s claim was not an issue to be ignored and through the back up of media presentation, chances are that he ought to have pulled more supporters on his side. Being a famous leader, his opinion and how the media persistently presented the information generated deep public opinions. The government structure has a way to remit and receive information from the public through its press office. The concerned public servant speaks on behalf of the government to assert and clarify information. Following the democratic rights of the parties and the right to information by the people, the government declares openness in public domain as an effective measure to lead them in justice. Journalists and reporters work hard to gather information on issu es surrounding leadership and how they use their position to bring impact on the nation. No stone is left unturned for any message put across. American media industry, through the money and media election complex, has brought forward the use of money power campaigns and leadership funded by rich organization as a way to secure their uncertain future. Such information assists the public to start making an early opinion of the party involved in such an act. Any public service needs to prove accountability of performance; be it governance, economics, politics, sociology and even management. Different media houses work differently to market their organization, but in the same course they can damage their business at the expense of others while making profits. During political debates, some